Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Practice Examination

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According to cognitive dissonance theory, what can occur when existing beliefs conflict with new information?

A sense of harmony
Cognitive dissonance
Increased motivation
Emotional stability

The correct answer is: Cognitive dissonance

Cognitive dissonance theory posits that when individuals encounter new information that contradicts their preexisting beliefs, it creates a psychological state of discomfort or tension known as cognitive dissonance. This discomfort arises because people strive for internal consistency in their beliefs and attitudes. When faced with conflicting information, rather than feeling a sense of harmony or emotional stability, individuals often experience confusion and unease. To resolve cognitive dissonance, individuals may employ various strategies such as changing their beliefs to align with the new information, rejecting or rationalizing the new information, or finding ways to minimize the impact of the conflicting beliefs. This theory highlights the intrinsic drive to maintain cognitive consistency and the psychological processes involved in resolving conflicting thoughts. The other options reflect states or reactions that do not accurately capture the essence of the tension and conflict inherent in cognitive dissonance.