Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Practice Examination

What concept is associated with B.F. Skinner in the realm of learning theory?

1. Classical Conditioning

2. Operant Conditioning

3. Developmental Theory

4. Psychodynamic Theory

The correct answer is: Operant Conditioning

B.F. Skinner is primarily associated with the concept of operant conditioning within learning theory. This approach emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. Skinner proposed that behaviors are not just reflexive responses to stimuli, as seen in classical conditioning, but rather are influenced by the consequences that follow them. In operant conditioning, behaviors that are rewarded (reinforced) are likely to be repeated, while those that are punished may decrease. Skinner's work involved the use of reinforcement schedules and his development of the Skinner box, an experimental setup to study these principles in animals, further illustrating how various reinforcements can affect behavior over time. This foundational concept has had significant implications in educational settings, behavioral therapy, and understanding human and animal behavior, making it a central tenet of behaviorism.