Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Practice Examination

What is crystallized intelligence as proposed by Raymond B. Cattell?

1. Includes innate reasoning and problem-solving abilities

2. Involves verbal and mathematical capabilities learned through experience

3. Refers to one's capacity for abstract thinking

4. Focuses on rapidly processing new information

The correct answer is: Involves verbal and mathematical capabilities learned through experience

Crystallized intelligence, as proposed by Raymond B. Cattell, refers specifically to the knowledge and skills acquired through experience, including verbal skills, mathematical abilities, and factual knowledge. This form of intelligence is influenced by education and cultural exposure, allowing individuals to utilize their learned experiences in various contexts, such as problem-solving and decision-making. Unlike fluid intelligence, which is associated with innate reasoning and problem-solving abilities, crystallized intelligence reflects the accumulation of knowledge over time. Individuals with high crystallized intelligence can effectively draw upon their prior learning and experience to navigate complex situations, making it vital in many aspects of life, including academic and professional settings. The focus is not on the innate or abstract reasoning capabilities but rather on the application of learned information. This makes it clear why the choice related to verbal and mathematical capabilities learned through experience is the most accurate representation of crystallized intelligence.