Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Practice Examination

Which type of memory retains environmental stimuli for only a few seconds?

1. Short-term memory

2. Sensory memory

3. Long-term memory

4. Working memory

The correct answer is: Sensory memory

Sensory memory is specifically designed to retain environmental stimuli for a very brief period, typically lasting only a few seconds. It serves as the initial stage in the memory process where sensory information, such as sights and sounds, is briefly captured and held in its raw form before further processing occurs. For example, when you see a flash of light or hear a sound, sensory memory allows you to hold onto that impression for a short time, enabling you to process and identify the stimuli if necessary. In contrast, short-term memory deals with information that has been filtered out from sensory memory and can hold it for a longer duration, generally up to 30 seconds, while long-term memory is designed for storing information over extended periods or even permanently. Working memory is a more active form of short-term memory that involves manipulating and working with information in real-time, rather than simply holding onto it. Therefore, understanding the role and duration of sensory memory is crucial, as it lays the foundation for how we initially perceive and interact with our environment.