Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Practice Examination

Who conducted significant research in adult male development through a stage theory?

1. Erik Erikson

2. Daniel Levinson

3. Sigmund Freud

4. Jean Piaget

The correct answer is: Daniel Levinson

The correct choice highlights the contribution of Daniel Levinson, who is well-known for his research on adult male development through his stage theory. Levinson's work, particularly outlined in his book "The Seasons of a Man's Life," focuses on the transitions that men experience during adulthood. His theory proposes that adult development occurs in stages and emphasizes the importance of life structure—how individuals balance their ambitions with their life roles. Levinson identified key transitions that occur at specific ages, suggesting that these transitions significantly influence psychological development and the formation of one’s identity as an adult. His stages include periods of stability and periods of transition, during which men reevaluate their goals and life purpose. This model provides a framework for understanding how men navigate their adult years, addressing challenges and changes that arise during midlife and later years. While Erik Erikson also focused on development throughout the lifespan—with an emphasis on psychosocial conflicts—his model does not specifically center on adult male development in the same way. Freud's theories are primarily concerned with psychosexual development, which does not offer a stage theory for adult development. Jean Piaget is known for his work on cognitive development in children and does not address adult development phases. Therefore, Levinson's emphasis on male adult development