Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Practice Examination

Who created the Second World Model, which integrates components to form unique cultural worldviews?

1. Bandura

2. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck

3. Masters and Johnson

4. Skinner

The correct answer is: Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck

The correct answer is B, as Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck are known for their work on value orientations and cultural worldviews, which contribute to understanding how different cultures perceive and interact with the world. Their Second World Model is particularly significant in the field of cross-cultural psychology and anthropology, as it emphasizes how cultural values shape individual behavior and societal norms. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's framework integrates various components, such as time orientation, human nature, relationships, and how individuals relate to their environment, to create a comprehensive model that illustrates the diversity of cultural perspectives. This model recognizes that worldviews are not homogeneous but are influenced by a variety of factors that determine how different cultures approach life, relationships, and social structures. Other choices, while notable figures in psychology and sociology, do not specifically relate to the development of a model that integrates cultural worldviews. Bandura is primarily known for his work on social learning theory, Masters and Johnson focused on human sexuality, and Skinner is famous for his contributions to behavioral psychology, particularly operant conditioning. None of these works directly address the integration of cultural components as Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck have done through their model.