Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Practice Examination

Who developed The Cross Nigrescence Model?

1. Frederick C. Thorne

2. William Cross, Jr.

3. Joseph Wolpe

4. John Locke

The correct answer is: William Cross, Jr.

The Cross Nigrescence Model was developed by William Cross, Jr. This model describes the various stages of racial identity development specifically for African Americans. Cross outlined these stages to help understand how Black individuals may navigate their racial identity in a society that can often be hostile or discriminatory. The stages include pre-encounter, encounter, immersion/emersion, internalization, and internalization-commitment, each representing a different phase in the evolution of one's racial identity. Understanding this model is important for counselors and educators, as it provides a framework for appreciating the complexities associated with racial identity and can guide supportive strategies in counseling contexts. Other individuals mentioned, such as Frederick C. Thorne, Joseph Wolpe, and John Locke, are notable figures in their respective fields, but they are not connected to the development of this specific model.