Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Practice Examination

Who is known for the concepts of reciprocal inhibition and systematic desensitization?

1. Konrad Lorenz

2. Joseph Wolpe

3. Judith Herman

4. John Dollard

The correct answer is: Joseph Wolpe

The correct answer is Joseph Wolpe, who is recognized for his development of the concepts of reciprocal inhibition and systematic desensitization. Reciprocal inhibition refers to the idea that one emotional response can inhibit another, highlighting how positive experiences can lessen negative emotional responses. This concept is foundational in behavior therapy, as it underlines the principle of using a calming stimulus to reduce anxiety responses. Systematic desensitization is a specific therapeutic process developed by Wolpe to help individuals overcome phobias and anxiety disorders. This method involves gradually exposing a person to anxiety-provoking stimuli while simultaneously promoting relaxation techniques. By pairing the anxiety-provoking stimulus with a state of relaxation, individuals learn to manage their fears effectively. Wolpe's contributions significantly shaped behavioral therapies and are widely used in clinical settings to treat a range of anxiety-related conditions. His methodologies emphasize the importance of gradual exposure and the relationship between competing responses, which has been essential in advancing psychological treatments.